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三、 北传佛教

所谓“北传佛教”，指向印度以北地区传播的佛教。主要包括经中亚传入中国，进而传入越南、韩国、日本等国的佛教，以及传入尼泊尔、西藏地区，进而传入蒙古、西伯利亚等地区的佛教。传入中国的佛教，其三藏经典均用汉文写成，故又称为“汉语系佛教”；传入西藏地区的佛教，其三藏经典均用藏文写成，故又称为“藏语系佛教”。这就与南传“巴利语系佛教”，形成了当今世界的三大语系佛教。

北传佛教主要以大乘佛教为主，其自印度传入中国以及西藏地区以后，与当地固有文化及宗教习俗相结合，形成了各具特色的佛教传承。由于梵文大乘佛典存世数量很少，绝大部分大乘佛典均有赖于汉译、藏译本得以传世。

公元二世纪，佛教自中国传入越南。越南与其他东南亚国家不同，是唯一接受大乘佛教的国家。公元四世纪后期，佛教自中国传入朝鲜。公元七世纪以后，朝鲜陆续派遣僧人到中国求法，将中国佛教当时的主要经典注疏、宗派思想传入朝鲜。公元六世纪前半叶，佛教自中国、朝鲜传入日本，随后由于日本遣唐使团的频繁出访中国，日本将中国佛教的诸多宗派全部传入，并形成了日本宗派林立、独具特色的宗派佛教。而蒙古佛教则是在公元十三世纪时自西藏地区传入，并在元世祖忽必烈在位期间成为蒙古人的普遍信仰。

北传佛教相对于南传佛教，虽然是以大乘为主，但绝非仅有大乘；而南传佛教虽然以小乘为主，但也绝非仅有小乘。二者所依三藏经典均源于印度佛说，故应以中正之态度来看待不同传承之佛教，不能仅凭个人好恶而妄加褒贬。

本书节选，连载完成，如果喜欢本书，欢迎到书店购买正版图书~

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